Perception of King Khalid University students regarding the benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, knowledge, and practices related to healthy eating: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Maintaining healthy eating habits is crucial for promoting better nutritional status, especially among university students who face challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the perceptions of King Khalid University students regarding the benefits and barriers to healthy eating, their self-efficacy, nutritional knowledge, and dietary practices. Methods: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. A total of 385 students participated by completing a pretested, self-administered questionnaire consisting of 87 items. Results: Findings revealed a high perception of the benefits of healthy eating (Mean = 4.23, SD = 0.83). However, participants reported significant perceived barriers (Mean = 3.12, SD = 1.19), particularly the high cost of healthy foods (Mean = 3.89, SD = 1.15). Self-efficacy in adopting healthy eating was moderate (Mean = 3.25, SD = 1.21). Knowledge of the health benefits of fruits and vegetables was high, whereas awareness of whole grains and flaxseeds was limited. Regression analysis indicated that perceived barriers (B = -0.181, p < 0.001), self-efficacy (B = 0.078, p = 0.003), and knowledge of food healthiness (B = 0.125, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of healthy food practices. Conclusion: Although students had positive perceptions, barriers and knowledge gaps persisted. Interventions should focus on reducing barriers, enhancing self-efficacy, and improving nutrition literacy to promote healthier behaviors among university students.