Effect of external magnetic and electric fields on blood flow and drug transport in a cardiovascular tube.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death worldwide, and efficient drug delivery (DD) is critical for treatment success. The use of external electric (EF) and magnetic fields (MF) offers a promising approach to enhance targeted drug transport in vascular systems. This study investigates the effect of combined electric and magnetic fields (EMF) on blood flow and drug delivery (DD) in a cardiovascular tube model. The governing equations for momentum, energy, and concentration were formulated using magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) theory with slip boundary conditions and external electromagnetic forces (EEF). Similarity transformations reduced the equations to ordinary differential form (ODEs), which were solved numerically using MATLAB code. Increasing magnetic field strength reduced flow resistance while improving drug penetration, whereas the electric field (EF) enhanced solute dispersion via electro-osmotic effects (EOE). The combined effect significantly improved concentration profiles along the tube. Conclusion: The findings suggest that external electromagnetic fields (EEF) can optimize drug delivery (DD) efficiency, providing a theoretical framework for advanced cardiovascular therapies.