Exploring the Bioactive Compounds of Haematococcus pluvialis for Resistant-Antimicrobial Applications in Diabetic Foot Ulcers Control.

Background: Diabetes is a contemporary ailment characterized mainly by elevated blood glucose levels. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) significantly impact the patient's quality of life and pose challenges for the healthcare system. Microalgae have emerged as effective agents for controlling inflammation owing to their elevated levels of active chemicals. Objectives: In the present study, we isolated and identified the Haematococcus pluvialis species of freshwater algae and investigated its effect on inhibiting the growth of diabetic wound bacteria. Methods: The ethanolic extract of this algae was investigated on antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from antibiotic-resistant wounds of diabetic patients. For this statistical study, a central composite design was used, considering factors such as gender, age, level of non-healing of the wound, and the effectiveness of the extract in inhibiting bacterial growth as the response. Results: The results showed that compared to other extracts, the ethanolic extract effectively inhibits bacterial growth up to 70% and 30%, respectively, of levofloxacin and ceftazidime antibiotics. The study of this extract with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the identification of the astaxanthin compound as the main component of the extract. Conclusions: This study has substantial prospects for future therapeutic uses and instills hope for enhanced therapies for DFUs.