Epidemiological Insights into Diabetes, Hypertension, and Heart Disease: Evidence from a Publicly Available Health Dataset.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a growing global health problem which is often associated with comorbidity hypertension and heart-related issues. Gender-specific patterns in these associations remain underexplored, especially in Middle Eastern populations. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the association of gender with the odds of hypertension and heart disease among diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Methods: A national health dataset was used for a cross-sectional analysis. Participants were stratified by diabetes status. We used chi-square tests to determine if gender affects the presence of hypertension and heart disease in each group. Results: Non-diabetics showed slightly higher prevalence of hypertension among males (6.2%) than females (5.7%) (p=0.001) and significantly higher prevalence of heart disease among males (4.4%) than (1.9%) (p<0.001). In the case of participants with diabetes, females had a slightly higher rate of hypertension (25.1% versus 24.0%) but a lower rate of heart disease (11.8% versus 18.3%) versus males. All associations were statistically significant. Conclusion: Gender plays a major part in hypertension and heart disease among diabetic and non-diabetic people. these results emphasize the importance of gender sensitivity in chronic disease prevention and management.