Development and validation of the information ethics behavior evaluation scale for nurses.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a reliable and valid scale to assess nurses' information ethics behavior, facilitating self-reflection and supporting the application of ethical principles in clinical settings involving digital information management. Methods: A scale development study with exploratory factor analysis was conducted in 2023, targeting 1,464 hospital-based and home-visit nurses across Japan. Participants completed a preliminary version of the Information Ethics Behavior Evaluation Scale for Nurses along with demographic questions. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using the alpha factor extraction method and promax rotation were performed. Criterion-related validity was assessed via Spearman's rank-order correlation with the Self-Evaluation Scale for Ethical Behavior as a Nurse. Results: Valid responses were obtained from 427 participants. Item analysis led to the exclusion of 14 items due to low factor loadings or double loading. EFA identified a three-factor structure comprising 21 items: (1) conscious behavior in handling information, (2) appropriate information management, and (3) response to information leakage risk. The scale demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .86). Criterion-related validity was supported by a significant correlation with the external measure (rs = .74, p < .001). Conclusions: The Information Ethics Behavior Evaluation Scale for Nurses is a brief, reliable, and valid tool for assessing ethical conduct related to information handling in nursing practice. It provides a framework for ethical self-assessment and may contribute to the prevention of information breaches and the promotion of ethical decision-making. Further research should investigate the integration of digital literacy and internet-specific ethical competencies.