Differences in HRQOL among Children with SCD Who Received Hydroxyurea and Those Who Did Not: A Quantitative Comparison Study.

Objectives: Hydroxyurea is been recommended for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) as it reduces the complications from the disease by increasing the production of fetal hemoglobin. In Oman, hydroxyurea is not consistently prescribed to children with SCD, and limited research has compared the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among children prescribed hydroxyurea. Thus, this study evaluated HRQOL differences between children with SCD who received hydroxyurea and those who did not. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on children from a hematology clinic at a tertiary hospital in Oman. We collected the data using two questionnaires: HRQOL-SCD and HRQOL-Generic. A one-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 74 children (47.3% male and 52.7% female) completed the questionnaire; 33 children were on hydroxyurea and 41 were not. A significant difference in HRQOL scores was found between children receiving hydroxyurea and those not taking the drug [F (1,68) = 419.4; p-value = 0.001]. Regression analysis revealed that hydroxyurea was a significant predictor of improved HRQOL among children with SCD. An R2 of 0.87 indicated that 87.0% of the variability in the child-reported HRQOL-Generic was explained by parental familiarity, self-efficacy, child age, sex, and receiving hydroxyurea [R2 = 0.87, F (8,69) = 52.4; p-value < 0.001]. Conclusions: Hydroxyurea improved the children's HRQOL compared to those who did not receive the drug. These findings support the use of hydroxyurea in children to improve HRQOL and reduce vaso-occlusive episodes. We recommend increasing parents' understanding of hydroxyurea's significance and devising strategies to promote children's medication adherence. It is essential to modify the SCD management protocol to optimize the HRQOL among children with SCD.