High Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in the Yellow River and Source Water from A One Health Perspective - Henan Province, China, 2023-2024.

What is already known about this topic?: The Yellow River serves as a significant conduit for antibiotic resistance transmission from environmental reservoirs to human populations. However, the occurrence and transmission pathways of the clinically relevant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) gene bla CTX-M-G9 and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) within the Yellow River remain poorly characterized. What is added by this report?: This study reveals the widespread prevalence of bla CTX-M-G9 throughout the Yellow River and its associated water sources in Henan Province, and demonstrates the environmental dissemination and probable animal origin of the dominant E. coli sequence type (ST) 6802 harboring the bla CTX-M-14 genotype. What are the implications for public health practice?: The findings underscore the critical need to strengthen environmental surveillance and implement robust control measures targeting antibiotic resistance of animal origin. Additionally, we advocate for enhanced public awareness and education initiatives regarding antibiotic resistance to foster broader societal engagement and support for mitigation efforts.