Circulating Elabela-21 and Elabela-11 levels as predictive biomarkers in individuals with recently developed type 2 diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is significantly influenced by the Elabela hormone, Elabela has been discovered to be a new endogenous apelin receptor (APJ) ligand. Objective: To detect the potential changes of Elabela-21 and Elabela-11 levels in recently developed T2DM. Materials and Methods: A recent cross-sectional study with 180 participants was conducted. The participants were divided into three groups based on WHO classifications: T2DM patients, prediabetic cases, and healthy controls. Five milliliters of blood samples were collected in the morning during 9-12 hours of fasting. Tests were carried out for each patient and control involving glucose and lipid profile using the enzymatic methods by a biochemical auto-analyzer, glycated hemoglobin using the ion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Elabela-21, and Elabela-11 using an ELISA technique. Results: Serum Elabela-21 level in T2DM patients was (803.2067 ± 11.47459 pg/mL), and in prediabetic cases, it was (641.2417 ± 3.216256 pg/mL), which was higher than the value of the healthy controls (542.6983 ± 3.59739 pg/mL), and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Also, serum Elabela-11 level was significantly higher in people with T2DM and prediabetic cases (502.6683 ± 11.51197 and 339.25 ± 3.452898 pg/mL, P < 0.001), respectively, compared to the healthy controls (140.83 ± 3.603656 pg/mL). These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Elabela-21 and Elabela-11 levels in the blood gradually increased from prediabetes to recently developed T2DM. They were positively correlated with body mass index, glycemic, and lipid profile and negatively associated with HDL.