Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in the Comprehensive Evaluation and Management Planning of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders.

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) encompass a range of functional and structural pathologies affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), leading to pain, restricted movement, and quality-of-life impairment. Traditional imaging methods have limitations in providing accurate 3D assessments. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers high-resolution imaging with minimal radiation exposure. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 60 patients (aged 18-50 years; mean age 31.8 ± 9.2 years) clinically diagnosed with TMD. CBCT scans were evaluated for condylar morphology, joint space, osteoarthritic changes, and disc displacement indicators. Clinical symptoms were correlated with CBCT findings to plan targeted interventions. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26.0, with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: CBCT detected condylar erosion in 46.7% of patients, flattening in 38.3%, and osteophyte formation in 21.7%. The joint space asymmetry was present in 53.3% of cases. Patients with radiological signs of osteoarthrosis had significantly higher pain scores (VAS ≥ 6) compared to those without (P = 0.012). CBCT findings altered the initial management plan in 41.7% of cases. Conclusion: CBCT provides detailed structural visualization of the TMJ, allowing accurate diagnosis and more precise management planning of TMDs. Its use is recommended in patients with ambiguous clinical signs or chronic symptoms.