Closing the Learning Gap in Arthroscopy: A Comparison of Conventional Training and Virtual Reality Simulation.

Backgroud: To assess the efficacy of arthroscopic simulator training compared to conventional training in enhancing arthroscopic skills among novice orthopedic residents. Material and methods: In this single-center study, 30 orthopedic residents with no arthroscopy experience were randomized into simulator-based (E) or conventional (C) training groups. Group E completed 10 sessions each on basic and diagnostic simulator modules; Group C trained through supervised live surgery. All were evaluated using the simulator, and performance scores were compared. Results: The experimental group outperformed the control group, demonstrating significantly better structure visualization (14 vs. 13.53, P = 0.022), detailed visualization (25.47 vs. 23.4, P = 0.026), shorter procedure times (137 vs. 165.93 s, P < 0.001), and fewer errors, including misaligned scope horizon (6.27 vs. 11.33, P < 0.001), tibial cartilage scratching (0.93 vs. 1.53, P < 0.001), and femoral cartilage scratching (3.07 vs. 6.33, P < 0.001). Camera path length was also significantly reduced. Conclusions: Virtual-reality simulator training offers orthopedic residents a safe, controlled way to build essential skills, improving visualization, scope alignment, tissue handling, and efficiency-supporting its integration into residency programs for better-prepared surgeons.