Therapeutic Potential of Green Seaweed: Chaetomorpha antennina and Codium iyengarii extract-A Study Focused on Chemical Composition for Pharmaceutical Prospects.

Background and Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of green seaweed, Chaetomorpha antennina and Codium iyengarii, collected from the coastal regions of Karachi, Pakistan. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: The total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents in the seaweed extracts were evaluated using standard methods, while FTIR was used to characterize the chemical profile. The DPPH scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay determined their antioxidant properties. Additionally, an oxidative burst assay was executed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties, while antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar-well diffusion method. Results: Preliminary qualitative analysis revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, quinones, carbohydrates, and proteins. Quantitative analysis showed that C. antennina had higher levels of total phenols (21.39 ± 0.62 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (37.04 ± 0.40 mg QE/g), and tannins content (34.15 ± 6.17 mg CE/g) compared to C. iyengarii (7.61 ± 0.47 mg GAE/g, 19.89 ± 3.35 mg QE/g, and 30.66 ± 5.07 mg CE/g of dry extract, respectively). C. antennina also exhibited greater antioxidant activity, with a 50.43 ± 0.16% percentage of inhibition and a higher reduction (63.86 ± 0.35%), in comparison to C. iyengarii. Furthermore, C. antennina showed notable anti-inflammatory (46.5% inhibition) and antimicrobial activities than C. iyengarii. Conclusion: The findings revealed that both green seaweed species exhibited antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. However, C. antennina extract demonstrated a greater potential of biological activities, corresponding to its higher levels of bioactive compounds. Further studies are necessary for the development of novel drugs from these species.