Exploring curcumin's efficacy in the management of periodontal disease: An umbrella review.

Background: Curcumin, a compound from curcuma longa, has gained attention as a potential adjunctive treatment for periodontal diseases due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Research shows that when combined with conventional treatments, curcumin can reduce gum inflammation, support tissue healing, and enhance clinical outcomes. Its mechanisms include inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, as well as oxidative stress reduction, making it a promising supplementary therapy in periodontal care. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) published from 2019 to 2024. Eligible studies were reviewed for quality, methodology, and outcomes related to the use of curcumin in periodontal therapy. Studies were critically analyzed for evidence on the efficacy, safety, and optimal formulation of curcumin. Results: Several SRMAs indicate that curcumin significantly reduces inflammation and improves clinical parameters of periodontal health when used as an adjunct to conventional treatment. Curcumin's antimicrobial properties also contribute to its effectiveness in controlling periodontal pathogens. Findings from this review suggest that curcumin is a promising adjunct to traditional periodontal therapy, particularly in reducing inflammation and promoting healing. However, evidence remains inconclusive regarding its optimal dosage, formulation, and long-term benefits. Most studies involved small sample sizes, lack of quality, and varied methodologies. Conclusion: Curcumin appears to be an effective adjunctive treatment for periodontal disease, offering potential benefits in inflammation reduction, clinical improvement, and tissue regeneration. However, further well-designed clinical trials are necessary to establish clear guidelines for its use in periodontal therapy.