Exploring healthcare workers' perspectives: A comprehensive mixed-method investigation of knowledge, belief, and perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccination in Madhya Pradesh, India.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led governments worldwide to priorities vaccine development and distribution. However, vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCWs) posed a significant challenge. This study aimed to explore the HCWs' knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in Madhya Pradesh, India, using a mixed-method approach. Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods design was used to collect data from 519 HCWs. Quantitative data were obtained through stratified random sampling via face-to-face or online surveys, while qualitative insights were gathered through purposive sampling for in-depth interviews. Results: The sample primarily consisted of nurses (95%), with roles as vaccinators (86.3%) and coordinators (11%). A large proportion (75.5%) were directly involved in patient care during the pandemic, and 31.6% had previously been diagnosed with COVID-19. Most participants expressed confidence in the vaccine's effectiveness (65.5%) and immunity (71.8%), though 21.6% were skeptical of its necessity and 16% had concerns about its safety. Views on vaccine prioritization and post-vaccination risks varied. Despite these differences, participants generally expressed satisfaction with the vaccination programmed, highlighting the need for transparent communication and addressing safety concerns. Qualitative data revealed the importance of trust in scientific research, professional responsibility, peer influence, and logistical challenges in shaping vaccine attitudes. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need for targeted communication strategies to address vaccine hesitancy among HCWs. By considering these complexities, policymakers can develop interventions to increase vaccine uptake and strengthen frontline defenses against future pandemics.