Histopathological comparison of the effect of 5% melatonin gel and 1.2% rosuvastatin gel on bone regeneration in the rat model.

Background: This study aimed to histopathologically compare the efficacy of 5% melatonin (MEL) gel and 1.2% rosuvastatin (RSV) gel on bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects. Materials and Methods: In this animal study, 8-mm defects were created in the calvaria of 24 adult male Wistar rats weighing 200 g. The rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 8). The defects were filled with placebo gel (methylcellulose with no active ingredient) in Group I, 5% MEL gel in Group II, and 1.2% RSV gel in Group III. The rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining was used to prepare histological sections. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA and Tukey tests (α =0.05). Results: Osteogenesis was significantly higher in the MEL and RSV groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). However, the difference between the MEL and RSV groups was not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Osteogenesis was significantly higher in the MEL and RSV groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). Local administration of MEL and RSV can be used as a stimulant of bone formation. However, more investigations are required to evaluate the bone regeneration capacity of MEL and RSV gels.