mTOR in radiotherapy of lung cancer: Mechanisms of radiation resistance and therapeutic implications (Review).

Radiotherapy is an important treatment for tumors; however, some patients exhibit poor sensitivity to radiation, leading to unsatisfactory outcomes. mTOR regulates critical processes such as cell proliferation, autophagy and DNA repair, serving a central role in tumor biology. Moreover, mTOR inhibitors have shown potential to enhance radiotherapy effectiveness and address radiation resistance. Although drug resistance and side effects limit their clinical use, combining therapies and optimizing treatment plans could improve results. The present review summarizes how mTOR signaling contributes to radiation resistance in lung cancer, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Understanding these pathways may aid the development of new combination therapies to improve treatment options for patients with lung cancer.