Bee Products and Traditional Plant Therapies for Wound Care: a comprehensive review of scientific evidence and clinical applications.

Objectives: Natural substances with healing properties, especially medicinal plants and bee-derived products, have been integral to traditional medicine systems for centuries, contributing significantly to wound care. Their value lies in both their pharmacological roots and well-documented biological activities, including infection control, inflammation reduction, antioxidative protection, and tissue regeneration. This review highlights the scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of bee products and plant-based therapies in wound care, assessing their chemical composition, biological properties, and mechanisms of action. Methods: A wide range of medicinal plants and bee products are examined for their recognized therapeutic roles, with emphasis on their ability to prevent infection, modulate inflammation, counter oxidative stress, and promote healing. The review also considers complementary plant therapies that may enhance the effects of bee-derived substances. Results: Evidence from experimental and clinical studies demonstrates that natural products such as honey and propolis can effectively treat chronic wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers, by supporting tissue repair and preventing complications. Conclusion: This review affirms the therapeutic potential of bee products and medicinal plants and supports their integration into modern wound management protocols, which are increasingly being validated through scientific and clinical research.