Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) Versus Surgical Valve Replacement on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Aortic Stenosis.

Aortic stenosis (AS) is one of the most prevalent valve lesions, and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). TAVI is a minimally invasive procedure that has proven to be a safer option in several aspects. The objective is to review the impact of TAVI compared to surgical aortic valve replacement on mortality, postoperative complications, hospitalization, and quality of life in patients with AS. A systematic review was conducted using the PICO strategy, with searches in the PubMed, Central, and LILACS databases, employing the following descriptors: aortic stenosis, hospitalization, mortality, clinical trial, transcatheter aortic valve implantation, quality of life, postoperative complications, combined with the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR." A total of 29 articles were found after reading the titles and abstracts. Of these, nine showed lower mortality in patients undergoing TAVI, while three reported lower mortality in the SAVR group. Eight articles had similar findings regarding complications, with six showing a lower incidence of postoperative complications in TAVI and three in SAVR. Additionally, three articles showed better quality of life in TAVI patients, while one study indicated a shorter hospital stay for TAVI patients. In all studies, the patients analyzed were over 70 years old. TAVI reduced mortality compared to SAVR in patients with AS. Furthermore, TAVI was associated with a reduction in hospital stay and improvement in quality of life. Regarding postoperative complications, the results indicated that TAVI tends to have a lower complication rate, although variations exist between studies.