Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea-Virus-Induced Cell Death: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Strategies.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the family Coronaviridae, markedly increases morbidity and mortality in neonatal piglets, posing a significant threat to the global swine industry. Cell death represents a double-edged sword: it eliminates infected cells and helps maintain host homeostasis, but it contributes to disease development and progression when dysregulated. Numerous coronaviruses have been shown to induce cell death through well-characterized mechanisms; however, the interplay between PEDV and host cell death remains insufficiently defined. This review seeks to comprehensively delineate the molecular mechanisms by which PEDV modulates cell death, focusing on apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and their integrated form, PANoptosis. Furthermore, we summarize current therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways, providing a theoretical framework and potential directions for developing interventions against PEDV infection.