WISEST: Weighted Interpolation for Synthetic Enhancement Using SMOTE with Thresholds.

Imbalanced learning occurs when rare but critical events are missed because classifiers are trained primarily on majority-class samples. This paper introduces WISEST, a locality-aware weighted-interpolation algorithm that generates synthetic minority samples within a controlled threshold near class boundaries. Benchmarked on more than a hundred real-world imbalanced datasets, such as KEEL, with different imbalance ratios, noise levels, geometries, and other security and IoT sets (IoT-23 and BoT-IoT), WISEST consistently improved minority detection in at least one of the metrics on about half of those datasets, achieving up to a 25% relative recall increase and up to an 18% increase in F1 compared to the original training and other approaches. However, in most cases, WISEST's trade-off gains are in accuracy and precision depending on the dataset and classifier. These results indicate that WISEST is a practical and robust option when minority support and borderline structure permit safe synthesis, although no single sampler uniformly outperforms others across all datasets.