Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Acoustic Hologram Lens Microfabrication.

Acoustic hologram lenses enable the precise shaping of sound fields using plane wave inputs, with applications in biomedical imaging, targeted therapy, and acoustic manipulation. Recent advances in additive microfabrication technologies have greatly improved the design and fabrication of these lenses supporting materialization of complex phase profiles, miniaturization, and rapid prototyping. This review summarizes key progress in fabrication methods including stereolithography, material jetting, and fused deposition modeling that have expanded the versatility and performance of acoustic hologram lenses. We examine the fabrication techniques, operating frequencies, printing resolutions, and acoustic properties reported in the literature. This review provides an organized overview of the current state of acoustic hologram lens fabrication and highlights critical challenges and future opportunities for advancing research and practical applications.