Main Techniques to Reduce Concentrate and Achieve Salt-Organic Separation During Landfill Leachate Treatment Using Low-Rejection Nanofiltration Membranes.

Landfill is a source of environmental concern as it may contaminate surface and groundwater, which could be a major source of potable water supply. Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane treatment is a well-known technique for treating leachate, but it requires high pressures of 80 bars or more to function. In addition, pretreatment, scaling, biofouling and concentrate disposal bring additional challenges to RO operation. The use of nanofiltration (NF) membranes with low rejection ensures the concentrate is separated into organic and salt solutions at a low pressure of 16-18 bars and ensures the concentrate volume is reduced to less than 3% of its initial value. This results in a reduction in energy consumption by a factor of least three compared to using conventional high-pressure RO, which reduces the initial leachate amount to 9-10%, and evaporation results in a subsequent reduction in concentrate volume to 3-4 per cent of the initial leachate volume. Due to the low osmotic pressure, the volume of an organic solution after separation can be reduced by three to four times compared to a saline solution of the same concentration.