The Role and Involvement of Functional Three-Dimensional Porcine-Derived Collagen Matrix Biomaterials in Periodontal Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review.

Three-dimensional porcine matrix-derived biomaterials have emerged as valuable tools in periodontal regeneration, offering structural stability, biocompatibility, and favorable cellular responses. This review summarizes their physicochemical characteristics, biological mechanisms, and clinical performance in guided tissue and bone regeneration. Comparative analyses show superior handling, integration potential, and regenerative predictability compared with collagen and synthetic scaffolds, especially in complex intrabony and furcation defects. Despite promising clinical outcomes, heterogeneity in processing techniques and limited long-term data still hinder standardization. Overall, porcine-derived scaffolds represent reliable and biologically active options for periodontal regeneration. Future innovation focusing on functionalization, cell integration, and patient-tailored design will define the next generation of predictable and biomimetic regenerative solutions.