Diagnostic and Prognostic Evaluation of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Using the Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Index.

Background: Diagnostic criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) have been established by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (JMHLW), the International Society of Thrombosis Hemostasis (ISTH), and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM). These criteria vary and are complicated, and the cutoff values differ, so a simple and rapid diagnostic approach for DIC is needed. Materials and Methods: The usefulness of the DIC index (prothrombin time-international normalized ratio [PT-INR] x D-dimer/platelet count) for diagnosing DIC and predicting outcomes in 1500 critically ill patients was assessed. Results: The PT-INR, D-dimer level, and DIC index were significantly higher in patients with DIC than in those without DIC, and their platelet count was significantly lower. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed that the diagnostic agreement was the highest for the JMHLW score among the three diagnostic criteria. The PT-INR, D-dimer level, DIC index, and JMHLW, ISTH overt-DIC, and modified JAAM DIC scores were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors, and their platelet counts were significantly lower. Although ROC analyses showed that the PT-INR, D-dimer level, platelet count, DIC index, JMHLW, ISTH overt-DIC, and modified JAAM DIC scores were related to the outcome, the cutoff values of the DIC index, and JMHLW, ISTH overt-DIC and modified JAAM DIC scores were low. Conclusions: The DIC index was highly consistent with the three diagnostic criteria for DIC and related outcomes.