Habitat Suitability and Relative Abundance of the European Wildcat (Felis silvestris) in the Southeastern Part of Its Range.

The European wildcat exhibits considerable plasticity in its habitat requirements across its distribution, with differences increasing along a continental-scale latitudinal gradient. While wildcats often favor deciduous and mixed forests with dense cover and prey, studies show these preferences vary across their expansion. Range-wide conservation efforts will benefit from incorporating knowledge generated by robust regional ecological models. We used data from a large camera trap grid (n = 292 stations), spanning across eight wildcat-associated habitats, within its range in northern Greece, to understand the regional ecological parameters affecting the species' habitat selection. We analyzed the data using single-season density-induced detection heterogeneity occupancy models (Royle-Nichols), considering 12 environmental and anthropogenic parameters. The global model's GoF was high (p = 0.9). Elevation and percent forest cover were both significantly negatively related to wildcat occupancy (as derived from the modeled "relative abundance index" N). Likewise, there was a negative, but moderate, relation between distance to freshwater bodies and human settlements with wildcat occupancy. We used the model-average coefficients to generate a predictive map of wildcat relative abundance across northern Greece, which identified 47,930 km2 of potential wildcat habitat. Assuming a range of densities between 0.05 and 0.3 ind/km2 in areas with predicted low, medium, and high relative abundance, we speculate the putative wildcat population in northern Greece to be between 3535 and 7070 individuals. The findings, which vary from ecological models of the species in northern Europe, show the need for regional models and the importance of Greece, and the Balkan peninsula, for the species.