Analysis of current status and influencing factors of health promotion behaviors among patients after PCI: based on health ecology theory.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, with its prevalence and mortality rates increasing annually. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) serves as a crucial revascularisation method for CHD, effectively alleviating myocardial ischemia and improving patient outcomes. However, patients undergoing PCI often experience adverse events such as restenosis due to unhealthy lifestyles or behaviors. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive, multifaceted exploration of the factors influencing health promotion behaviors in post-PCI patients is crucial for enhancing these behaviors and preventing adverse cardiovascular events. Objective: Based on health ecology theory, this study aims to understand the current status of health promotion behaviors among post-PCI patients, analyze their influencing factors, and provide evidence for developing targeted interventions to improve these behaviors. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a convenience sampling approach. Between March and October 2024, 436 patients with PCI from the Cardiovascular Department of a Grade A tertiary general hospital in Sichuan Province, China, were enrolled. The study employed a general information questionnaire, the health promotion lifestyle scale, the health literacy scale, the psychological resilience scale, and the perceived social support scale for data collection. Univariate analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple stepwise linear regression were used to explore the factors influencing health promotion behaviors among these patients. Results: The mean health promotion behavior score among PCI patients was (84.55 ± 11.86). Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between health promotion behaviors and health literacy, psychological resilience, and perceived social support (r = 0.747-0.809, p < 0.01). Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that age, occupational status, self-rated sleep quality, whether the patient or family members have worked in healthcare, receipt of chronic disease knowledge guidance, health literacy, psychological resilience, and perceived social support were significant factors influencing health promotion behaviors (p < 0.05), explaining 77.6% of the total variance. Conclusion: Health promotion behaviors among PCI patients post-surgery are at a moderate level. Influencing factors are multi-level and multidimensional, suggesting comprehensive interventions targeting individuals, families, and society are necessary to enhance health promotion behaviors.