Financing pathways for the ageing industry: mitigating risks in older adult care investment.

This study explores the complex pathways through which older adults care financing systems achieve sustainability amid global population ageing. Using dynamic Qualitative Comparative Analysis (dynamic QCA), we examine how combinations of institutional, economic, and demographic conditions shape financing outcomes across regions, with China serving as a core reference for comparative insights. The dynamic QCA approach captures temporal variations in causal configurations, offering a more nuanced understanding of policy evolution in aging societies. Results reveal multiple, context-dependent pathways leading to effective financing mechanisms, highlighting that no single model fits all national contexts. The findings contribute to international policy debates by identifying flexible and adaptive strategies that can enhance fiscal resilience in older adults care systems. This study advances both methodological innovation and practical relevance, providing valuable evidence for policymakers seeking sustainable and inclusive solutions to ageing-related financial challenges.