Application of polyetheretherketone temporal muscle prostheses for temporal hollowing following cranioplasty.

Background: Decompressive craniectomy is an effective intervention for refractory intracranial hypertension. However, subsequent cranioplasty, though technically less demanding, is associated with a non-negligible incidence of complications. Among these, temporal hollowing is a common yet frequently overlooked sequela that significantly compromises facial aesthetics and can lead to various psychosocial issues. Methods: Based on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying temporal hollowing following cranioplasty and incorporating clinical experience from West China Hospital, Sichuan University, this study explores the application of 3D-printed polyetheretherketone (PEEK) temporal muscle prostheses for correcting temporal hollowing after 3D-printed PEEK cranioplasty. The approach involves precise measurement of the contralateral temporal muscle dimensions and volumetric assessment of the atrophied ipsilateral muscle to fabricate patient-specific 3D-printed PEEK implants. These customized prostheses are then surgically implanted in a secondary procedure to restore temporal contour symmetry. Conclusion: Temporal hollowing represents a frequent sequela of cranioplasty, arising from multifactorial mechanisms and often contributing to psychosocial challenges. The patient-specific 3D-printed PEEK temporal muscle prosthesis, developed based on contralateral temporal muscle metrics at West China Hospital, offers a precise and individualized solution for restoring temporal contour symmetry.