Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletinHumansMycobacterium tuberculosisExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisEuropeAntitubercular Agents
Tracking the evolution of an extensively drug-resistant cross-border Mycobacterium tuberculosis cluster, Europe, January 2016 up to August 2025: implications for European surveillance.
Francesca Saluzzo, Chiara Sepulcri, Alma Zinola, Federico Di Marco, Luca Ragazzoni, Marco Rossi, Luigi Codecasa, Daniela Maria Cirillo
Published: 202510.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.46.2500838
Abstract
Open AccessThe emergence and spread of an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4.8 cluster in Europe raises public health concerns. First reported in 2020 across Romania, Italy and the United Kingdom, this cluster progressed from multidrug-resistant (MDR) and pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) to XDR, including resistance to pretomanid. Evidence of ongoing local transmission is available for Italy, where 10 cases were reported from 2021 to 2025. Strengthened whole genome sequencing-based surveillance is needed to inform timely, coordinated public health responses.