Acute and Sub-Chronic Toxicological Evaluation of n-Hexane Fraction of Uvaria chamae Leaves.

Background: The plant species identified as Uvaria chamae, a member of Annonaceae has exhibited notable anti-trypanosomal effect in in-vivo studies, demonstrating potential therapeutic benefits in animal models. However, a comprehensive toxicity profile is essential to assess the safety of U. chamae for potential therapeutic applications. This study investigated the toxicity of U. chamae leaves (n-hexane fraction) in order to identify any potential adverse effects and establish a safer dosage threshold for prolonged use. Methods: The n-hexane partitioned fraction obtained from U. chamae leaves was subjected to acute and sub-chronic toxicity evaluations. The short-term toxicity assessment followed established procedures. For the sub-chronic study, a total of 30 animals received the fraction continuously for 35 days. Biochemical analyses were performed on serum and liver homogenates to assess key parameters, including Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Triglycerides (TRIG) and Total cholesterol (TC). Also, histopathological examinations were performed on selected tissue samples. Results: The acute toxicity assessment showed an LD50 value exceeding 5000 mg/kg. For the repeated dose toxicity study, results showed statistically significant effect (p < 0.05) variations in AST and ALT levels within both liver and serum homogenates in relation to dosage. Additionally, histopathological analysis identified morphological alterations that distinct are from the control group and consistent with those typically observed in damaged tissues. Conclusion: At high doses, the n-hexane fraction of U. chamae showed no acute toxicity. However, prolonged use caused notable biochemical and morphological changes. A dose below 200 mg/kg is recommended for extended use.