Sun protection: a practical guide for health professionals.

Cumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation drives skin cancer and photo-ageing across all skin types, including people with darker skin. Visible light radiation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pigmentary conditions. Intense childhood exposure to ultraviolet radiation is a critical risk factor for development of melanoma later in life. Effective sun protection requires a daily, multifaceted approach when the ultraviolet index is 3 or higher. This includes the correct application of broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor of 50+ in conjunction with protective clothing, a broad-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and seeking shade. Some medicines may be photosensitising and patients using these medicines should be advised to adopt stricter sun protection measures. There are many myths about sunscreens that may be barriers to sunscreen use, including concerns about endocrine disruption and nanoparticle toxicity. When counselling patients on sun protection, it is important to offer practical, evidence-based advice that extends beyond sunscreen use alone. The goal is to empower patients to incorporate sun safety into their daily routines.