Journal of perinatal medicine
Intra-partum and perinatal outcomes in fetuses exhibiting ZigZag pattern on cardiotocography trace: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Luca Finadri, Ilenia Mappa, Asma Khalil, Giuseppe Rizzo, Alessandro Lucidi, Daniele Di Mascio, Marco Liberati, Edwin Chandraharan, Francesco D'Antonio
Published: 202510.1515/jpm-2025-0279
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Historically, baseline fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) with an amplitude of greater than 25 beats per minute, and lasting for more than 30 min, was defined as the saltatory pattern. Several experimental animal models have reported an…
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