Metasurface-enabled generation and mapping of perfect vector vortex beams on hybrid-order and higher-order Poincaré spheres for optical encryption.

Perfect vector vortex beams (PVVBs) combine the ring-shaped intensity profile of perfect vortex beams with spatially variant polarization states, enabling precise control of light fields. Conventional superposition strategies of PVVBs based only on t…

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