The Clinico-Radiological Effect of Vitamin D in Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Randomized Control Trial.

Introduction: Vitamin D treatment reduces osteoarthritis (OA) pain, inflammation, and cartilage degradation, indicating that it may have therapeutic advantages in the management of OA symptoms. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of Vitamin D in treatment of Knee OA. Materials and Methods: A randomized control study was done on 78 cases, fulfilling American College of Rheumatology criteria for diagnosis of OA knee. Patients were randomized into an experimental (vitamin D supplement along with standard treatment for Knee OA [KOA]) and placebo group (standard treatment for KOA). All patients were followed up from baseline till 12 months. Pain was assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and functional outcome by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score. Cartilage thickness of medial, sulcus, and lateral femoral condyle was evaluated at baseline and after a year using ultrasound imaging. Data collected and recorded on MS Excel. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 software. Results: Mean VAS and WOMAC score were comparable (P > 0.05), but less in experimental than placebo group at all-time intervals. Average cartilage thickness of medial and lateral femoral condyle was comparable (P > 0.05), but more in experimental than placebo group. Average cartilage thickness of sulcus femoral condyle was considerable (P < 0.05) and more in experimental than placebo group at 12 months. Thickness of cartilage decreased in both groups from baseline to 12 months; but not considerably (P > 0.05) in experimental group. Conclusion: Patients with OA discomfort in their knees were benefited in terms of pain and functionality, after taking Vitamin D supplements. There is a necessity of standardized, carefully planned studies to gain a deeper understanding of vitamin D's function in KOA treatment.