Long-term comparative study of Open-TLIF, MIS-TLIF, and UBE-TLIF in single-level degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare surgical characteristics, complications, and long-term outcomes among open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Open-TLIF), minimally invasive TLIF (MIS-TLIF), and unilateral biportal endoscopic TLIF (UBE-TL…

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