A novel four-step protocol using intracavitary contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with pelvic floor ultrasound for the diagnosis and preoperative planning of vesicovaginal fistulas.

BACKGROUND: Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a debilitating condition that significantly impairs quality of life. Accurate preoperative assessment of fistula characteristics is crucial for surgical planning. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy…

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