ricePSP: a database of rice phase separation-associated proteins.

Multivalent interactions between proteins with intrinsically disordered regions or prion-like domains can drive liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and form membraneless condensates essential for diverse cellular functions. Here, we predict phase separation scores for all annotated rice proteins and present ricePSP ( https://ricepsp.github.io/ ), a database of phase separation-associated proteins. AlphaFold structural predictions further validate the phase separation potential of these proteins. As a proof of concept, we apply ricePSP to identify flowering-related phase separation proteins, revealing insights into how LLPS may regulate flowering. Collectively, ricePSP provides a valuable resource for studying crop phase separation proteins and LLPS-related mechanisms in crop trait regulation.