Resurgence of cholera on the shores of Lake Tanganyika: security instability in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo as an aggravating factor and call to action.

INTRODUCTION: The Great Lakes region in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), currently affected by armed conflict, remains the ecological niche of Vibrio cholerae. Massive population displacement has increased population density in areas surrounding Lake Tanganyika, particularly in South Kivu and Tanganyika Provinces. OBJECTIVES: To describe the factors driving the persistence of cholera in this conflict-affected region and to underline the urgent need for integrated public health and humanitarian action. KEY FINDINGS: Displaced populations, often lacking shelter, sanitation, and access to quality healthcare, are highly exposed to cholera transmission. This situation increases the risk of spread to other provinces of the DRC and to neighbouring countries (Burundi and Tanzania). CONCLUSION: Immediate action by national authorities and international humanitarian actors is required to contain cholera transmission around Lake Tanganyika and prevent wider regional propagation.