CPAK phenotypes in medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy: undercorrection as the key factor influencing clinical outcomes and cartilage regeneration.

BACKGROUND: Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) shifts the mechanical axis laterally to relieve medial knee stress. The CPAK classification, which categorizes knee alignment into nine phenotypes, has been scarcely applied in studies i…

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