Human resources for health
Associations between medical education reforms and trends in the ophthalmology workforce and cataract surgery performance in Kazakhstan.
Yuliya Semenova, Malika Urazhanova, Temirgali Aimyshev, Abduzhappar Gaipov
Published: 202610.1186/s12960-026-01047-1
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In 2008, Kazakhstan introduced a structured ophthalmology residency program. Between 2008 and 2020, two parallel training pathways coexisted: a three-year residency program and short-term ophthalmology training courses lasting up to six m…
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