Prescription drug misuse and risk factors among Somali adolescents: a qualitative study exploring peer influence, stress, and academic pressure.

BACKGROUND: Drug misuse among adolescents is a growing public health concern in Somalia, with prescription drug abuse emerging as a significant issue. This behavior is influenced by a complex interplay of psychological, social, and environmental factors, including peer pressure, academic stress, and community dynamics. Understanding these factors is essential for designing effective interventions to mitigate the rising trend of substance abuse among Somali youth. METHODS: This qualitative study employed in-depth interviews (IDIs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) to explore the motivations and risk factors associated with drug misuse among Somali adolescents. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 20 participants, including 15 adolescents and 5 key informants (parents, teachers, and community leaders). Data were analyzed using NVivo software, with thematic analysis conducted to identify emerging themes. RESULTS: The study identified multiple risk factors contributing to adolescent drug misuse. Psychological stressors, such as anxiety and academic pressure, were key motivations for drug use. Social influences, particularly peer pressure and digital platforms, played a significant role in drug initiation. Family dynamics, including parental neglect and socioeconomic challenges, further exacerbated the problem. CONCLUSION: Addressing adolescent drug misuse in Somalia requires multi-level interventions, including family support, school-based awareness programs, and policy enforcement. Community engagement is crucial in preventing substance abuse among Somali youth.