Neovascular glaucoma: comprehensive evaluation of etiology, treatment modalities, and visual prognosis.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the demographic characteristics of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG), identify the factors involved in its etiology, and evaluate the effects of various treatment methods on intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: This study included 29 eyes of 24 patients diagnosed with neovascular glaucoma who were treated and followed at a single tertiary eye care center. Patient demographics, medical history, and treatment protocols were recorded, including anti-VEGF injections, panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), and surgical interventions. IOP measurements and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were monitored throughout the follow-up period. RESULTS: Of the patients included in the study, 6 were women and 18 were men, with an average follow-up period of 44.2 ± 34.8 months. The mean age of patients was 67.9 ± 11.4 years, with NVG being caused by diabetic retinopathy (11 eyes), central retinal vein occlusion (6 eyes), ocular ischemic syndrome (6 eyes), and other factors. Pre-treatment IOP was 36.7 ± 7.9 mmHg, which decreased to 18.03 ± 3.19 mmHg post-treatment. Surgical interventions were required in 9 eyes, and significant postoperative IOP reduction was observed. (p˂0.05) Bevacizumab was the most commonly used anti-VEGF agent, with visual acuity outcomes varying among patients, though no statistically significant improvement in BCVA was noted. CONCLUSION: NVG is a severe condition that requires prompt treatment to prevent permanent vision loss. Anti-VEGF therapy and PRP are essential in controlling neovascularization and reducing IOP, while surgical intervention is often necessary in advanced cases.