Social isolation risks and preventive strategies for residents in long-term care facilities in China: an interview-based study with staff in facilities.

BACKGROUND: Social isolation is a significant challenge for residents in long-term care facilities. This study investigates the risk factors and predictive indicators of social isolation in these settings, aiming to enhance social connections and improve well-being. METHODS: This was a qualitative study. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from 12 long-term care facilities, and the data were analyzed using NVivo 10 software. Inductive analysis was used to identify key themes, which led to the development of a social isolation risk warning model and proposed prevention strategies. RESULTS: A total of 23 participants were interviewed, including 14 managers, 4 head nurses, 2 qualified nurses, and 3 healthcare assistants. In the risk warning model, social isolation risks were categorized into three domains: (1) Social isolation risks and influencing factors: Participants described limited social relationships, restricted social participation, and emotional distress as key risks, further compounded by insufficient family and peer support and weak social interaction skills. (2) Risk consequences and early warning interventions: Social isolation was perceived to contribute to declines in mental well-being and quality of life. Participants emphasized the need for risk assessment, focusing on anxiety、depression and emotional support level. They also highlighted training/education, including theoretical study and contingency plans, and suggested preventive measures such as family members' support and organizing group activities to foster social inclusion. (3) Challenges and solutions: Participants identified concerns about caregiver quality and scarce geriatric care resources as key barriers. They suggested human resource development and national policy support to strengthen workforce capacity and institutional care services. CONCLUSIONS: Social isolation risk assessment plays a pivotal intermediate role in risk prevention. Evaluating relevant risk factors, comprehensive preventive measures could be developed and implemented to reduce the incidence of social isolation. This approach not only improves the psychological well-being of older adults but also enhances the safety and overall quality of care within long-term care facilities. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: SQ2024049. Registered 15th March 2024.