The effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine versus ketamine on postoperative pain in patients receiving a femoral nerve block for total knee arthroplasty: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains challenging. Intraoperative dexmedetomidine and ketamine are commonly used in multimodal analgesia to reduce pain and opioid requirements. This study aimed to compare…

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