Maternal and paternal contributions to seed and seedling traits in Ginkgo Biloba hybrids.

BACKGROUND: Ginkgo biloba L. is a dioecious plant with a life history of billions of years, and hybridization is one of its main forms of generation replacement in nature. The traditional hybridization research of ginkgo is relatively weak, and previous work has ignored the genetic distance between parental selection, relying solely on subjective human selection, making it difficult to maximize the utilization of genetic variation in ginkgo hybridization. RESULT: The results indicate that maternal genotype has a significant impact on seed morphogenesis and accumulation of toxic components; The influence of the paternal parent is stronger in the inheritance of resistance related substances; The F1 generation showed a super parental advantage in photosynthetic parameters, and growth and development were significantly positively correlated with photosynthetic efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals the differentiation patterns in maternal vs. paternal inheritance in ginkgo hybridization, providing physiological bases for the selection of medicinal varieties, development of stress resistant strains, and optimization of photosynthetic traits. It has important practical significance for improving the industrial utilization efficiency of ginkgo resources.