Analysis of genetic diversity among wild soybean (Glycine soja) from Hengshui Lake in Hebei Province, China.

OBJECTIVES: Soybean serves as a crucial source of protein and oil. Wild soybean (Glycine soja) shares genetic similarities with cultivated soybean (Glycine max) but exhibits richer diversity due to lower genetic bottlenecks. The high allelic diversity in wild soybeans provides traits for environmental adaptation, which is useful for cultivated soybeans through breeding. Considering that soybeans originated in northern China and that Hengshui Lake, as a wetland environment, plays a crucial role in preserving species diversity, 17 wild soybean resources at this site were collected and then re-sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq6000 platform with a depth of 10×. DATA DESCRIPTION: In this study, we collected 17 wild soybean accessions from Hengshui Lake in Hebei Province, China, and performed re-sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq6000 platform, followed by SNPs identification. Subsequently, we incorporated an additional 62 wild soybean genomic datasets and utilized ADMIXTURE, neighbor-joining tree, and principal component analysis to elucidate population characteristics. The results revealed that these wild soybean accessions could be divided into seven distinct subpopulations.