Acute toxic encephalopathy induced by organic solvent exposure: a case report of diagnostic challenges and occupational health implications.

BACKGROUND: Toxic encephalopathy, which results from exposure to neurotoxic substances, poses a considerable clinical challenge, especially for occupational groups like painters and construction workers. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report describes a 35-year-old female painter who experienced acute toxic encephalopathy, presenting with severe headache, nausea, and vomiting. Initially, her condition was misdiagnosed as cervical spondylosis. However, recognizing her occupational exposure to organic solvents was essential for arriving at the correct diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of thorough evaluations, particularly detailed occupational histories, to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure timely management of such conditions. Neuroimaging results showed bilateral symmetric white matter changes, which supported the diagnosis of organic solvent toxicity. This finding aligns with existing literature that discusses how lipid solubility can disrupt neuronal function. The patient's positive outcome following prompt treatment underscores the critical need for early recognition of toxic encephalopathy, as it can significantly improve recovery chances. CONCLUSION: This case enhances our understanding of the complexities associated with diagnosing acute encephalopathy caused by organic solvents and underscores the urgent need for healthcare providers to be more aware of occupational hazards.