A Retrospective Study Examined the Impact of the IKAP Nursing Model on the Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life of Colorectal Cancer Patients with Permanent Stomas.

Introduction: Permanent ostomy surgery has been shown to improve patient survival rates; however, it also results in changes to body image, bowel habits, and lifestyle. These changes can significantly affect both the physical and mental well-being of patients, ultimately impacting their overall quality of life (QOL). Objective: This study examines the effectiveness of the Information-Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (IKAP) nursing model in patients with permanent stomas, with a particular focus on its impact on self-efficacy and QOL. The goal is to enhance the self-care abilities of patients and their families, thereby promoting a swift return to normal social activities. Methods: A retrospective study design was used to select patients who underwent permanent ostomies in the Department of General Surgery at the hospital, between January 2015 and December 2022. Both the IKAP group (IKAP nursing model) and the control group included 94 patients. IKAP group included: (1) establishing an intervention group; (2) developing a public relations strategy and a tailored education program; (3) applying health education; and (4) implementing behavioral intervention. The two groups with various nursing modalities were assessed using the Basic Demographic Data Questionnaire, the Self-Efficacy Scale for Stoma Patients, the Quality-of-Life Scale for Stoma Patients, and data on stoma complications. SPSS software (version 20.0) was used for general description and single-factor analysis of data for comparison between groups. Results: Three months postoperatively, the IKAP group performed better than the control group in terms of self-efficacy (92.09 ± 10.12 vs 66.17 ± 12.83, t = 8.219, P = 0.000). There was significant difference in the ostomy complication rate between the two groups (6 [6.38%] vs 17 [18.09%], c 2 = 3.946, P = 0.041). In terms of QOL, the IKAP group scored better in the functional dimension and symptom dimension. Conclusion: The IKAP model can effectively improve self-efficacy and QOL, reduce complications, and enhance participation in social activities and family life for patients with permanent enterostomy.