Digital connections: Impact of internet usage on the psychological well-being of older Chinese adults.

Objective: The introduction of the "Broadband China" strategy significantly boosted internet access for older adults in China. This study examines the association between improved internet usage on the psychological well-being of older adults in China and explores the mediating role of intergenerational interactions, focusing on economic and emotional exchanges between older adults and their children. Method: A difference-in-differences analysis was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the "Broadband China" strategy in enhancing internet access. Additionally, fixed-effect regressions were used to examine the relationship between internet use and psychological well-being for older adults (aged 60 and above, male and female, all of Chinese ethnicity). Results: Internet use is positively associated with psychological well-being. Mobile use and concurrent use of mobile and computers devices show particularly strong benefits. An inverted U-shaped relationship is observed between usage duration and well-being. Moderate use enhances well-being while excessive use diminishes the effect and may even lead to negative outcomes. Internet-based learning, social, and entertainment activities are beneficial, whereas the associations of internet-based work remain inconclusive. Economic interactions such as online shopping and digital transfers are positively associated with well-being, while increased reliance on virtual communication may reduce face-to-face interactions, weakening emotional connections. Conclusion: The "Broadband China" strategy played a significant role in promoting internet use among the country's older adults. While our results suggest many positive associations between internet use and mental well-being, increased internet usage is also associated with decreased face-to-face contact frequency and lower contact quality between older adults and their children. Policy Implication: Digital inclusion policies should not only expand access but also promote balanced internet use while encouraging meaningful offline interactions between older adults and their families.