Best Approach for Incomplete Colonoscopy: Colon Capsule Endoscopy or Repeat Conventional Colonoscopy?

Background: The most appropriate strategy for completing a previous incomplete colonoscopy (IC) is not standardized. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of two strategies for completing a previous IC: colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) versus repeat conventional colonoscopy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study that included consecutive adult patients referred to our center after IC under sedation due to irreducible loop formation or colonic fixed angulation was performed. Patients underwent CCE (PillCam COLON2 Medtronic®) or repetition of conventional colonoscopy under sedation. In this setting, an appropriate CCE progression was defined as the capsule reaching the segment achieved during the previous IC. Repeated conventional colonoscopy was considered complete when cecal intubation was accomplished. We compared the rate of appropriate CCE colon progression with the cecal intubation rate from repeated conventional colonoscopy. Quality of colon preparation, diagnostic yield, and rate of adverse events for CCE and colonoscopy was also analyzed. Results: A total of 192 CCE and 181 colonoscopies were performed for IC, primarily due to fixed angulation of the left colon (69.2%, n = 258). There were no significant differences between the two groups (CCE vs. colonoscopy) concerning age, sex, overweight/obesity status, previous abdominal surgery, and reasons for IC. The rate of appropriate colon progression with CCE was not significantly different from the cecal intubation rate of repeated colonoscopy (95.3% vs. 90.1%, p = 0.073, respectively), even after adjusting for the quality of colon preparation (p = 0.122), which differed significantly between the groups (76.0% vs. 92.8%, p < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in overall colorectal findings identified between the CCE and colonoscopy groups (55.2% vs. 62.4%, p = 0.172, respectively), and no adverse events were reported in either group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that both CCE and repeat conventional colonoscopy are effective and safe options for completing a previous IC.