Clinical Significance of Mesiobuccal and Distobuccal Canal Variations in Maxillary Molars: A Case Series and a Mini Review.

Endodontic treatment success is contingent upon the comprehensive identification and management of all root canals within a tooth's complex anatomy. This is particularly challenging in maxillary molars, which exhibit significant variability in canal morphology. While the presence of two canals in the mesiobuccal (MB) root is well documented, the occurrence of a third canal (MB3) is less common yet clinically relevant. Additionally, the distobuccal (DB) root, typically containing a single canal, may occasionally harbor a second canal (DB2). This case series presents clinical cases that highlight the prevalence and significance of MB3 and DB2 canals in maxillary molars. The findings underscore the necessity for meticulous canal detection using advanced imaging techniques such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), as traditional diagnostic methods may overlook these anatomical variations. By sharing these cases, we aim to enhance awareness and encourage further research into the implications of these additional canals on endodontic treatment outcomes.